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'{{Short description|Bus manufacturer and former aircraft manufacturer}} {{about|the Serbian company formerly known as Ikarus|the Hungarian company|Ikarus Bus}} {{Infobox company | name = Ikarbus | logo = File:Ikarbus 2015 logo.png | logo_caption = Official logo | logo_upright = <!-- default = 1 --> | logo_alt = | native_name = Икарбус | native_name_lang = sr | former_name = Ikarus | type = [[Joint-stock company]] | industry = [[Manufacturing]] | predecessor = | founded = {{Start date and age|1991|06|28|df=yes}} {{small|(Current form)}}<br>{{Start date and age|1923}} {{small|(Originally founded)}} | founder = {{Unbulleted list|{{ill|Dimitrije Konjović|sr}}|{{ill|Josip Mikl|sr}}}} | defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> 25 November 2022 | fate = Bankruptcy (people left the company) | successor = <!-- or: | successors = --> | hq_location_city = Autoput 24, [[Zemun]], [[Belgrade]] | hq_location_country = Serbia | area_served = [[Serbia]] | key_people = Aleksandar Vićentić ([[General director]]) | products = | revenue = {{decrease}} [[Euro|€]]0.11 million<ref name="report2020">{{cite web|title=БИЛАНС УСПЕХА (2020) - Ikarbus|url=https://pretraga3.apr.gov.rs/docRepo/download?xbcd=7100117647921&xrnd=DB2FB489184E2D423E0EA84CD330825F26B161E3|website=apr.gov.rs|access-date=25 August 2019|language=sr}}</ref> | revenue_year = 2020 | net_income = {{increaseNegative}} {{fontcolor|red|(€1.96 million)}}<ref name="report2020" /> | net_income_year = 2020 | assets = {{decrease}} €12.45 million<ref name="ass2020">{{cite web|title=БИЛАНС СТАЊА (2020) - Ikarbus|url=https://pretraga3.apr.gov.rs/docRepo/download?xbcd=7100117647914&xrnd=8C4911486EB264083D4D18CA4DABBA7A087F2BD1|website=apr.gov.rs|access-date=25 August 2019|language=sr}}</ref> | assets_year = 2020 | equity = {{steady}} €0<ref name="ass2020" /> | equity_year = 2020 | owners = Government of Serbia {{Unbulleted list|{{small|(26.92%)}}|Univerzal banka {{small|(7.57%)}}|Beobanka {{small|(6.37%)}}|City of Belgrade {{small|(5.46%)}}|Others}} | num_employees = 50 | num_employees_year = 2020 | parent = | website = {{URL|http://www.ikarbus.rs/}} | footnotes = {{small|Business ID: 07739494<br>[[Taxation in Serbia|Tax ID]]: 100001628}} <ref name="aprInfo">{{cite web|title=Основни подаци о привредном друштву|url=http://pretraga2.apr.gov.rs/EnterprisePublicSearch/details/EnterpriseBusinessName/1026190?code=6B5FE733ED80ECF3812287621AE5B1769CBEAE9B|website=apr.gov.rs|publisher=Serbian Business Registers Agency|access-date=28 February 2018|language=sr}}{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> }} '''Ikarbus [[Types of business entity#Serbia|a.d.]]''' (''Ikarbus - Fabrika autobusa i specijalnih vozila a.d.'') was a Serbian bus manufacturer based in [[Zemun]], Belgrade. It was originally established as an aircraft manufacturer in 1923, under the name '''Ikarus'''. In 1954, it commenced bus production and since 1960 it completely shifted towards it. In 1992, it changed its name to Ikarbus. ==History== [[File:Uprava Ikarusa.JPG|thumb|left|Former administrative offices, demolished in 2018]] [[File:Logo ikarbus.png|thumb|right|Official logo used from 1993 to 2014]] On 13 October 1923, the company was established under name "Ikarus – the first Serbian airplane, car and engine industry Kovačević and Co", with headquarters in [[Novi Sad]].<ref name="history">{{cite web |title=O IKARBUSU |url=http://www.ikarbus.rs/index.php/o-nama-sr/o-ikarbusu-sr |website=ikarbus.rs |access-date=23 March 2019 |language=sr}}</ref><ref name="aeroflight">{{cite web |last1=Hayles |first1=John |title=Yugoslavia: The Aviation Industry |url=http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/yugo/yugo-aviation-industry.htm |website=Aeroflight |access-date=11 April 2022 |date=11 February 2003}}</ref> The founders were Dimitrije Konjović, brothers Dušan and Milivoj Kovačević, Đoka Radulović and Josif Mikl. On 20 November 1923, "Ikarus" started business officially after the registration before the Novi Sad District Court. In the beginning, the company manufactured a number of foreign designs under licence, such as the French [[Potez 25]], Czechoslovakian [[Avia BH-33]] and English [[Hawker Fury]]; [[Bristol Blenheim]] as well as the locally designed [[Ikarus ŠM]], [[Ikarus IO]], [[SIM-VIII]], [[Ikarus IK-2]] and [[Ikarus Orkan]]. On 3 March 1924, the first school type airplane "Brandenburg" was manufactured.<ref name="history" /> In 1927, the Yugoslavian Air Command decided that "Ikarus" should start the production of military planes; the factory for the production of military planes was built in [[Zemun]]. On 20 June 1927, "Ikarus" together with Military and Navy Ministry concluded an agreement to build a new factory of airplane engines in [[Rakovica, Belgrade|Rakovica]]. In 1928, the Sports Club "Ikarus" was established, thus "Ikarus" being the first company to build gliders in the country. By December 1932, the company relocated its headquarters from Novi Sad to Zemun. In April 1935, the first model of war airplane of domestic design was completed; a single-seat glider "IK-1", designed by engineers Ljubomir Ilić and Kosta Sivčev. In January 1936, the Yugoslav Air Command and "Ikarus" signed an agreement for the manufacturing of British "Hawker Fury" fighter plane, of all-metal construction. By the spring of 1938, the Yugoslav Air Command and the company concluded an agreement on the supply of twin-engine bombers "Blenheim", under the British license. In 1938, the Administration Building of "Ikarus" in Zemun was built.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} With the start of the [[World War II]] (WWII) in Yugoslavia, the [[Nazi Germany]] occupation authorities confiscated the company on 17 April 1941. On 17 and 25 April 1944, the factory was heavily damaged in the Allied air-strikes. By early November 1944, the factory restarted operations. On 12 August 1945, the first emergency Assembly of "Ikarus" shareholders in the socialist Yugoslavia was held in. On 27 March 1946, "Ikarus" was nationalized by the decision of the District Court of Zemun. Until the end of 1946, the subsequent decisions in form of property nationalization were made. On 22 October 1946, the first plane "Aero-2B" flew for the first time, the first prototype made by the air industry in socialist Yugoslavia. On 23 January 1948, the Government of Yugoslavia made a decision to establish the State Enterprise "Ikarus". Also, the Sports Club "Naša krila" was established. In 1950, a single-seat fighter plane [[Ikarus S-49|S-49]] was built by engineers Ilić, Sivčev, Zrnić and Popović. In the same year, "Ikarus" manufactured the first gliders in the socialist Yugoslavia; a single-seat glider "Hawk 1" was awarded the third prize at the International Championship in Sweden. By the end of October 1952, the first Yugoslav jet plane "451 M" took off. In 1954, "Kosava" twin-seat glider received the first prize at the International Championship in England. From 1954 onward, Ikarus also commenced bus production, originally of [[Sauer]] and [[MAN SE|MAN]] designs under licence, but eventually the company's own designs.<ref name="history" /> In 1957, the airplane [[Ikarus S-451MM]] set the world speed record flying at 750.34&nbsp;km/hour. In 1960, the [[Ikarus S-451M]], ultra light jet plane set the world speed record, flying at 500.2&nbsp;km/hour. On 14 November 1961, by the official act of the Administration for Military Industry Affairs, "Ikarus" ceased to be a military company.<ref name="aeroflight" /> Most of the personal and equipment from the aircraft section of "Ikarus" had been relocated during the previous decade to a new aircraft factory [[SOKO]], located in [[Mostar]], [[SR Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. In 1992, the company was privatized, and the following year changed its name to "Ikarbus", due to name usage conflicts with the [[Ikarus Bus|Hungarian bus manufacturer with the same name]]. <gallery mode="packed"> File:0611-Nrd-001.jpg|Old Ikarus IK-4 bus in Bucharest File:Skopje Sudska palata.jpg|Ikarus IK-160 articulated bus in [[Skopje]] Image:beo ikarbus 00.jpg|Ikarbus buses delivery in Belgrade </gallery> During the 1990s [[Yugoslav Wars]] and international sanctions imposed on [[FR Yugoslavia]], the company's production stagnated. As there was no political will to adjust a state-owned company to a transition, that trend continued during the 2000s and 2010s, causing Ikarbus to become indebted and work in limited capacity. In March 2019, the Chinese "Zhuhai Yinlong New Energy" company began the process of acquiring a majority stake in company's ownership structure.<ref>{{cite news |title=Кинези преузимају "Икарбус" |url=http://www.politika.rs/scc/clanak/425500/Kinezi-preuzimaju-Ikarbus |access-date=23 March 2019 |work=politika.rs |agency=Tanjug |date=21 March 2019 |language=sr}}</ref> Ultimately the Company was bought by LGNEA (Lanzhou Guangdong New Energy Automobile) which adopted one articulated bus formerly produced by Ikarbus and the Bus plant in Zemun.<ref>{{cite news |title=Business takeover by LGNEA |work=lzgtnet.com |url= https://www.lzgtnet.com/news/shownews.php?id=28&lang=en}}</ref> Furthermore cooperation between Serbia and China has increased greatly through this purchase, the future of Ikarbus is greatly planned with the serbian government<ref>{{cite news |title=talks between the prime ministers and LGNEA |work=lzgtnet.com |url= https://www.lzgtnet.com/news/shownews.php?id=97&lang=en}}</ref> ==Products== [[File:Ikarbus IK-112N Beograd.jpg|thumbnail|Yellow Ikarbus in [[Belgrade]]]] [[File:Ikarbus IK-218N Studentski trg GSP.jpg|thumbnail|Ikarbus at [[Studentski Trg]]]] Every vehicle made by Ikarbus has a name starting with 'IK', followed by a hyphen and then the vehicle's code: IK-1xxs are solo city buses, IK-2xxs are articulated city buses and IK-3xxs and IK-4xxs are coaches. Earlier IK 160(P)/161/166 models are also articulated buses. The letter N disambiguates integral models from non-integral ones. The last produced models under '''Ikarbus''' brand were: * IK-103 solo, [[MAN SE|MAN]] or [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] engine * IK-103 CNG (meets EURO-5 standards) * IK-107 minibus, Cummins engine * IK-112M, [[MAN Lion's City|MAN NL 323]] chassis * IK-112N solo low floor, [[MAN SE|MAN]] engine * IK-112LE, [[Mercedes-Benz OC 500 LE]] chassis * [[IK-206]] articulated, vertical [[MAN SE|MAN]] engine * IK-218N articulated low floor, [[MAN SE|MAN]] engine * IK-218M articulated low floor, [[MAN Lion's City|MAN NG 363]] chassis * IK-308, midibus coach * IK-312, regional coach * IK-412, long-distance coach * IK-415, three-axle coach ===Historical=== ====Aircraft==== [[File:BAM-46-Ikarus S-49C.jpg|thumb|[[Ikarus S-49|Ikarus S-49C]] fighter plane on display at [[Belgrade Aviation Museum]]]] [[File:Aero2DuMuzejuJvBeogradSlika1.jpg|thumb|[[Ikarus Aero 2]] primary trainer plane on display at Belgrade Aviation Museum]] [[File:Ikarus Meteor 57 (YU-4103) glider.png|thumb|Yugoslavian glider Ikarus Meteor 57 (YU-4103), probably, at Jeżów Sudecki airstrip (Poland)]] In 1927 an aeronautical section of the factory was found in Zemun where numerous planes were designed and manufactured, as well as under license. The factory included its own airfield. After the end of the World War II, in 1946, another two aeronautical companies, [[Zmaj (company)|Zmaj]] and [[Rogožarski]] joined Ikarus as a wholly nationalised state aircraft industry. The Ikarus factory had manufactured in its workshops 475 aircraft up until 1962, when it stopped working for the aviation industry.<ref name="aeroflight"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Model name ! First flight ! Number built ! Type |- |align=left| [[Potez 25|Ikarus 25]] |align=center| |align=center| 220 |align=left| License built single piston engine biplane reconnaissance airplane<ref name="aeromagazin">{{cite web |last1=Grujić |first1=Zlatomir |title=Fabrika Aeroplana i Hidroplana "Ikarus" A.D. |url=http://www.aeromagazin.rs/arhiva/aero06/c20.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160111060813/http://www.aeromagazin.rs/arhiva/aero06/c20.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 11, 2016 |website=Aeromagazin |access-date=10 April 2022 |date=1998 |language=Serbian }}</ref> |- |align=left| {{ill|Ikarus 211|sr|Икарус 211}} |align=center| 1947 |align=center| 1 |align=left| Single piston engine monoplane trainer |- |align=left| {{ill|Ikarus 212|sr|Икарус 212}} |align=center| 1948 |align=center| {{efn|Approximately 59 production aircraft were built by [[Utva]].}} |align=left| Single piston engine monoplane trainer |- |align=left| {{ill|Ikarus 213|sr|Икарус 213}} |align=center| 1948 |align=center| 1<ref name="aeromagazin" />{{efn|Approximately 170 production aircraft were built by [[Utva]].}} |align=left| Single piston engine monoplane trainer |- |align=left| [[Ikarus 214]] |align=center| 1949 |align=center| 22 |align=left| Twin piston engine monoplane trainer |- |align=left| [[Ikarus 215]] |align=center| 1949 |align=center| 1 |align=left| Twin piston engine monoplane bomber |- |align=left| [[Ikarus 231]] |align=center| 1948 |align=center| 2 |align=left| Single piston engine monoplane liaison airplane |- |align=left| [[Ikarus 451|Ikarus 232 Pionir]] |align=center| |align=center| 1 |align=left| Twin piston engine monoplane experimental airplane |- |align=left| [[Ikarus 251]] |align=center| 1946 |align=center| 1{{efn|Approximately 79 production aircraft were built by [[Utva]].}} |align=left| Single piston engine monoplane trainer |- |align=left| {{ill|Ikarus 252|sr|Икарус 252}} |align=center| 1946 |align=center| 1 |align=left| Single piston engine monoplane trainer |- |align=left| [[Ikarus 451]] |align=center| 1953 |align=center| 2 |align=left| Twin piston engine monoplane experimental airplane |- |align=left| [[Ikarus 452]] |align=center| 1953 |align=center| 2<ref name="aeromagazin" /> |align=left| Twin jet engine monoplane experimental airplane |- |align=left| {{ill|Ikarus 453MW|sr|Икарус 453MW}} |align=center| 1952 |align=center| 1 |align=left| Experimental glider |- |align=left| [[Ikarus 522]] |align=center| 1955 |align=center| 2<ref name="aeromagazin" />{{efn|Approximately 110 production aircraft were built by [[SOKO]].}} |align=left| Single piston engine monoplane trainer |- |align=left| {{ill|Ikarus 920|sr|Икарус 920}} |align=center| 1949 |align=center| 1 |align=left| Transport glider |- |align=left| [[Ikarus Aero 2]] |align=center| 1940 |align=center| 248 |align=left| Single piston engine monoplane trainer |- |align=left| [[Avia BH-33|Ikarus BH-33E]] |align=center| |align=center| 22{{efn|An additional 20 aircraft were supplied complete from Czechoslovakia.}} |align=left| License built single piston engine biplane fighter |- |align=left| [[Bristol Blenheim|Ikarus Blenheim]] |align=center| |align=center| 16 |align=left| License built twin piston engine monoplane bomber<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Donald |editor1-first=David |title=Bombers of World War II |date=1998 |publisher=Metro Books |location=New York |isbn=1-56799-683-3 |page=132 |url=http://archive.org/details/bombersofworldwa00davi |access-date=10 April 2022}}</ref> |- |align=left| [[Hawker Fury|Ikarus Fury]] |align=center| |align=center| 24{{efn|An additional 16 aircraft were built by [[Zmaj Aircraft|Zmaj]].}} |align=left| License built single piston engine biplane fighter |- |align=left| [[Ikarus IK-1]] |align=center| 1935 |align=center| 1 |align=left| Single piston engine monoplane fighter |- |align=left| [[Ikarus IK-2]] |align=center| 1934 |align=center| 12 |align=left| Single piston engine monoplane fighter |- |align=left| {{ill|Ikarus IM|sr|Икарус ИМ-1}} |align=center| 1926 |align=center| 4<ref name="aeromagazin" /> |align=left| Single piston engine biplane flying boat reconnaissance airplane |- |align=left| [[Ikarus IO]] |align=center| 1926 |align=center| 38 |align=left| Single piston engine biplane flying boat reconnaissance airplane |- |align=left| [[Ikarus 451|Ikarus J-451MM]] |align=center| |align=center| 1 |align=left| Twin jet engine monoplane experimental airplane |- |align=left| {{ill|Ikarus Kobac|sr|Кобац (ваздухопловна једрилица)}} |align=center| 1953 |align=center| 1 |align=left| Training glider |- |align=left| [[Ikarus Košava]] |align=center| 1953 |align=center| 2 |align=left| Glider |- |align=left| [[Ikarus Kurir]] |align=center| 1955 |align=center| ~145 |align=left| Single piston engine monoplane liaison airplane |- |align=left| [[Ikarus Meteor]] |align=center| 1955 |align=center| ~2 |align=left| Glider |- |align=left| [[Ikarus MM-2]] |align=center| 1940 |align=center| 1 |align=left| Single piston engine monoplane trainer |- |align=left| {{ill|Ikarus Orao|sr|Орао (ваздухопловна једрилица)}} |align=center| 1949 |align=center| |align=left| Glider |- |align=left| [[Ikarus Orkan]] |align=center| 1940 |align=center| 1 |align=left| Twin piston engine monoplane light bomber |- |align=left| [[Ikarus S-49]] |align=center| 1949 |align=center| 158 |align=left| Single piston engine monoplane fighter |- |align=left| [[Ikarus S-451]] |align=center| |align=center| 1 |align=left| Twin piston engine monoplane experimental airplane |- |align=left| [[Ikarus 451|Ikarus S-451M]] |align=center| 1952 |align=center| |align=left| Twin jet engine monoplane experimental airplane |- |align=left| [[Ikarus 451|Ikarus S-451MM]] |align=center| |align=center| 1 |align=left| Twin jet engine monoplane attack airplane |- |align=left| [[Hansa-Brandenburg B.I|Ikarus SB-1]] |align=center| |align=center| 22 |align=left| License built single piston engine biplane trainer<ref name="aeromagazin" /> |- |align=left| [[Hansa-Brandenburg C.I|Ikarus ŠB-1]] |align=center| |align=center| 24 |align=left| License built single piston engine biplane trainer<ref name="aeromagazin" /> |- |align=left| [[Rogožarski SIM-VIII|Ikarus SIM-VIII]] |align=center| |align=center| 2{{efn|An additional 3 aircraft were built by [[Rogožarski]].}} |align=left| Single piston engine monoplane touring airplane |- |align=left| {{ill|Ikarus Sivi Soko|sr|Икарус Сиви соко}} |align=center| 1928 |align=center| 1 |align=left| Single piston engine biplane trainer |- |align=left| [[Ikarus SM]] |align=center| 1924 |align=center| 42 |align=left| Single piston engine biplane flying boat trainer |- |align=left| [[Ikarus 451|Ikarus T-451MM]] |align=center| |align=center| 1<ref name="aeromagazin" /> |align=left| Twin jet engine monoplane trainer |- |} ====Buses==== The historical models under '''Ikarus''' brand are: * IK-4 (solo bus based on Leyland chassis, produced in the early 1970s) * IK-5A / IK-5B (solo and articulated based on [[MAN Truck & Bus|MAN]] [[Metrobus (MAN)|Metrobus]] ([[:de:Metrobus (Fahrzeugtyp)|de]]) license, produced in 1972-1981) * IK-61 (solo, Raba D2156 engine, manual transmission) produced in the 1970s * IK-83 (solo, [[Fabrika automobila Priboj|FAP]] chassis, FAMOS 2 F-207 engine, manual transmission) produced in the 1970s * IK-102 (solo, MAN D2866 engine, automatic VOITH transmission) produced until 1996 * IK-105 / IK-108 / IK-110B / IK-115 (solo, Raba D2156 engine, manual transmission) produced until 1988 * IK-111B (solo, MAN D2866 engine, manual transmission) produced until 1996 * IK-160B / IK-180 (articulated, Raba D2156 engine, manual transmission) produced until 1988 * IK-160P (articulated, SW680 engine ) produced for the Polish market until 1989 * IK-161B (articulated, MAN D2866 engine, manual transmission) produced until 1996 * IK-161R (articulated, Raba D2156 engine, manual transmission) produced until 1996 * IK-166 (articulated, MAN D2866 engine, automatic VOITH transmission) produced until 1996 The historical models under '''Ikarbus''' brand are: * IK-101 (solo, [[MAN SE|MAN]] engine) * IK-102 (solo, [[Raba (automobile)|RABA]] engine) * [[Ikarbus IK-201|IK-201]] (articulated, horizontal [[MAN SE|MAN]] engine) * [[Ikarbus IK-202|IK-202]] (articulated, horizontal [[Raba (automobile)|RABA]] engine) * IK-203 (articulated, horizontal [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] engine) ==See also== * [[Aircraft industry of Serbia]] * [[List of companies of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] ==References== ===Footnotes=== {{Notelist}} ===Notes=== {{Reflist}} ===Bibliography=== {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Gunston |first=Bill |title=World Encyclopedia of Aircraft Manufacturers |year=1993 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis |pages=154}} {{Refend}} ==External links== {{commons category|Ikarbus}} * [http://www.ikarbus.rs/ Official website] (Serbian) {{Automotive industry in Serbia}} {{Aircraft manufacturers of Yugoslavia and Serbia}} {{Ikarus aircraft}} {{European bus builders}} [[Category:Ikarbus| ]] [[Category:1923 establishments in Serbia]] [[Category:Aircraft manufacturers of Yugoslavia]] [[Category:Bus manufacturers of Yugoslavia]] [[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Belgrade]] [[Category:Serbian brands]] [[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1923]]'